Meteor storms are simply a bunch of asteroids waves stuck together. Right now, only individual asteroid waves are in the game. There are plans to introduce meteor storms (a.k.a. asteroid-only missions), however these would only take place on “asteroid belts” (special types of planets) which don’t exist in the galaxy yet, and will not exist until the galaxy is regenerated (because it’s not easy to add things to the galaxy as it stands).
Incidentally, presence or absence of icons in the game files (especially ones that you need to hack the game to see) should not be taken as an indication of anything.